Spatial vectorcardiography

An accurate, clinically practical system for spatial vectorcardiography.

A direct experimental study of three systems of spatial vectorcardiography.

Three commonly used systems of vectorcardiography are compared on an absolute and direct quantitative basis in terms of equations, geometric interpretations, scalar leads and vectorcardio-grams, using experimental results obtained on an accurate, three-dimensional homogeneous torso model of the human subject with a dipole fixed in position in the center of the heart. It is concluded that the ac...

Vectorcardiography in myocardial infarction.

Standard limb leads and unipolar electrocardiography can provide valuable information in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction but there are occasions when the cardiographic changes are inconclusive. It may be difficult to differentiate between pericarditis and myocardial infarction. The electrocardiographic changes in posterior or lateral infarction are not always characteristic. It is not al...

The history of vectorcardiography.

Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a part of electrocardiography (ECG). The vectorcardiogram displays the various complexes of the electrocardiogram, i.e. QRS, P and T complexes, in the form of "loops" which are determined from vectors representing successive instantaneous mean electric forces from the heart throughout an entire cardiac cycle. Since the heart is a three-dimensional structure, the elec...

Recent advances in the Emergency Vectorcardiography: (1)Initial spatial QRS vectors in pilots

There have four types of the initial spatial QRS vectors concealed in the normal person: 1. Left-anterior-superior, or 2. Left-anterior-inferior, or 3. Right-anterior-superior, or 4. Right-anterior-inferior The first three directions were the same as the types of initial activity of the normal depolarization process of the interventricular septum revealed by the intra cardiac mapping in dogs re...